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Lesson A
| Real Conditionals: The Zero Conditional |
| If Clause (Simple Present) | Main Clause (Simple Present or Imperative) |
| If you have a loan, | you pay interest. |
| If you borrow money, | remember to pay it back. |
| We use the zero conditional to: • talk about facts: If you throw a ball up, it comes down. • talk about things that are usually true: If there are dark clouds, it often rains. • give instructions: If you press this button, your laptop starts. • give advice: If you don't understand a word, ask your teacher. With the zero conditional, you can start with the if clause or the main clause. If you have a loan, you pay interest. = You pay interest if you have a loan. Punctuation If you start with the if clause, put a comma after it: If you need help, ask your teacher. If you start with the main clause, don't use a comma: Ask your teacher if you need help. |
| Real Conditionals: The First Conditional |
| If Clause (Simple Present) | Main Clause (Simple Future) |
| If you leave a message, | I will call you. |
| If you don't study, | you won't pass the test. |
| We use the first conditional to express the future consequence of a realistic possibility now or in the future. Use the simple present in the if clause and will / won't to talk about the future action or result in the main clause. With the first conditional, you can start with the if clause or the main clause. If you start with the if clause, use a comma between the clauses: If you go now, you'll catch your train. = You'll catch your train if you go now. |
A Complete the rules with the words in the box.
| ask a friend finish it on time if you have a question if you work with a partner learn from it leave the classroom listen! |
1. If your teacher speaks, ____________________________________________________.
2. If you have homework, ____________________________________________________.
3. If you don't know the answer to a question, ______________________________.
4. Try to use English __________________________________________________________.
5. If you make a mistake, _____________________________________________________.
6. Raise your hand ____________________________________________________________.
7. If the bell rings, _____________________________________________________________.
B Complete the first conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. If you meet the bank manager, she __'ll ask__ (ask) you some questions.
2. If he _________ (be) late for work again, he'll lose his job.
3. You _________ (catch) the bus if you run.
4. I'll send you the document if you _________ (give) me your email address.
5. If it _________ (stop) raining, we'll go for a walk.
6. The police will stop her if she _________ (drive) faster than the speed limit.
7. If you _________ (not give) me any chocolate, I'll tell Mom and Dad!
8. If I'm tired tonight, I _________ (not go) out with my friends.
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C Read the sentences with the zero conditional and the first conditional. Underline the correct verb form.
1. If you need some money, go / will go to the ATM.
2. Put on your coat if it rains / will rain.
3. If our friends come tonight, we have / 'll have a party.
4. If you don't pay me, I didn't do / won't do the work.
5. If you press / will press this button, the washing machine turns off.
6. We meet / 'll meet you at the airport if we have time tomorrow.
7. I ask / 'll ask my parents for the money if the bank doesn't give me a loan.
Lesson C
| Unreal Conditionals: The Second Conditional |
| If Clause (Past Subjunctive) | Main Clause (Would or modals for Present Conditional) |
| If Mike used a credit card, | he would get a discount for that purchase. |
| If you saved your income every month, | you wouldn't need to borrow money from your family. |
| If you were rich, | would you start your own business? |
| We use the second conditional to talk about to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true or something in the present which is impossible because it's not true. With the second conditional, you can start with the if clause or the main clause. If you start with the if clause, use a comma between the clauses: Modals If I were Past Continuous |
D Complete the second conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. If he had time and money, he _________ (enroll) in Australia last week.
2. She _________ (study) abroad if she had financial support from her parents.
3. He _________ (be) pleased if he made enough money to buy the house in the city.
4. If they spent money wisely, they _________ (have) some savings.
5. I would lend him some money if I _________ (be) you
6. If you _________ (want) to study abroad, you should apply for a scholarship.
7. If she didn't finish the project, she _________ (not, make) any money from it.
8. If I _________ (be) you, I would accept the deal.
E Circle the correct options to make second conditional sentences.
1. If I had my own car, I will not have to / would not have to take a bus to work every day.
2. If you had a sister, will you share / would you share your money with her?
3. Your parents would be angry if you waste / wasted the money they gave you.
4. If I am / were you, I would get a new job with better pay.
5. If Jonathan speaks / spoke English well, he could apply for a job with a high salary at a foreign company.
6. If I owe / owed money to someone, would you lend me some?
7. If he won the lottery, he will buy / might buy a nice car.
8. The company can save / could save up to 100,000,000 dong annually in operating costs if the managers decided to buy modern machines for production.
