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II. LANGUAGE
Pronunciation
Stress in three-syllable nouns
1. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the stressed syllable in each word. 🎧
invention computer holiday century
2. Connect all the words with the stress pattern -- to cross the river. Then listen and check your answers. Practise saying these words in pairs. 🎧
Internet family advantage
chocolate invention Africa
computer syllable afternoon
grandfather tradition century
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Vocabulary
Inventions
Unscramble the underlined letters in these words. Use the pictures below and the glossary (page 127) to help you.
1. Exirement -> experiment
2. Decevis -> ____________
3. Lobaratory -> ____________
4. Hdraware -> ____________
5. Stofware -> ____________
6. Epiqument -> ____________
Grammar
Present perfect
💡Remember!
We use the present perfect (have/has+past participle) to talk about:
- something that happened in the past, but is still true or important now.
Example: I have lost my key. Now I can't open the door.
- something that started in the past, and is still happening now (often used with since or for).
Example: They have lived here for a year.
- something that was completed in the very recent past (often used with just or recently).
Example: He has just finished his homework.
Circle the correct answers.
1. They just found / have just found a suitable solution to the problem.
2. Since people invented / have invented the first computer, they create / have created many more interesting inventions.
3. The woman is very angry because her son lost / has lost his smartphone.
Gerunds and to-infinitives
💡Remember!
We use gerunds (verb + -ing):
- after verbs such as avoid, enjoy, and finish.
Example: I enjoy cooking.
- as subjects of sentences.
Example: Learning English is fun.
We use to-infinitives (to + verb):
- after verbs such as want, decide, and allow.
Example: My parents don't allow me to use a smartphone.
- after adjectives to give opinions, starting It's...
Example: It's fun to learn English.
- as subjects of sentences.
Example: To learn English is fun.
Note: Some verbs, such as like, love, and hate can be followed by either gerunds or to-infinitives.
Example: I like playing/to play computer games.
Complete the sentences using the gerund or the to-infinitive of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes both forms are possible.
1. Many children enjoy (use) _____modern devices nowadays.
2. I decided (study) _____ computer science at university.
3. (Play) _____ language games on a smartphone is fun.
4. It is very convenient (study) _____ with a smartphone.
