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👉A CLOSER LOOK 2
Grammar
Non-defining relative clauses
💡Remember!
- We use non-defining relative clauses to add extra information.
Example: Earth, which is the third planet from the Sun, depends much on the Sun for its energy.
- If we remove the non-defining relative clause, the sentence still makes sense.
Example: Earth depends much on the Sun for its energy.
- We use comma(s) with non-defining relative clauses.
- Relative pronouns cannot be omitted in non-defining relative clauses.
1. Complete the sentences with correct relative pronouns.
1. Planet Earth, _____ is also called the Blue Planet, is covered with water and land.
2. Peter Molnar, _____ has done many studies on climate change, is one of the best-known Earth scientists.
3. Neil Armstrong, _____ trip to the moon marked a giant leap for mankind, was the first to walk on the moon.
4. Suoi Thau, _____ is in Ha Giang, is one of the most gorgeous grasslands in Viet Nam.
5. People often do green things to protect Earth on the Earth Day, _____ is celebrated on 22nd April.
2. Underline the relative clauses. Tick() if the relative clause can be omitted.
1. _____ The second planet from the Sun is Venus, which is sometimes called the Earth's sister.
2. _____ The ocean, which is the body of salt water, contains 97% of Earth's water.
3. _____ Landforms make up the areas which include mountains, hills, plains, and plateaus.
4. _____ One of the world's most famous Earth scientists is James Hutton, who is a British geologist.
5. _____ Arctic Ocean ice and water make up a habitat for polar bears, whose main food is seals.
3. Complete each sentence (1-5) with a non-defining relative clause (A - E).
A. which is a Germanic word
B. which is also called the Red Planet
C. whose radius is nearly 4 million miles
D. who explained ecological balance to us
E. which has a large collection of animals, birds and reptiles, and unique plants
1. Mars, _____ is very much similar to Earth.
2. Earth, _____ is the fifth largest planet in our solar system.
3. The name of our planet, _____ simply means "the ground".
4. Cat Ba National Park, _____ is one of the most famous tropical rainforests in Viet Nam.
5. We were interested in the talk by Mr An, _____.
4. Combine the two sentences into one, using a non-defining relative clause.
1. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. Its surface is dark.
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2. Moonquakes are much weaker than Earthquakes. Moonquakes can last up to half an hour.
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3. Mars has mountains and canyons on its surface. It is a rocky planet like Earth.
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4. Venus is considered the twin sister of Earth. Venus has a similar size and structure as Earth.
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5. We should protect rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes provide humans with their main sources of fresh water.
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5. Work in two groups. Take turns to say aloud one of the places in the table. The other group explains or gives more information about it. The team that has the most correct sentences wins.
| Place | Feature | Feature |
| The Nile | longest river | flows into the Mediterranean Sea |
| Pacific Ocean | covers 30% of planet surface | largest ocean |
| Việt Nam | has the shape of letter S | has a long coastline |
| The Sahara | largest desert | has almost no rainfall |
| Mount Fansipan | highest peak in Việt Nam | also called the 'Roof of Indochina' |
Example:
The Nile
The Nile, which is the longest river, flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
